Healthcare’s New Partisan Battleground: The Doctor’s Office

Many Americans Now Choosing Their Physicians Based on Politics

EUGENE, Ore. — Polarization across America has grown like ivy, with its leaves stretching deep into a surprising new battleground: the doctor’s office. Research published in the British Journal of Political Science reveals that Americans’ trust in their personal physicians—once a rare nonpartisan sanctuary—has become increasingly divided along political lines, with potentially serious implications for public health.

The study, conducted by Neil O’Brian from the University of Oregon and independent researcher Thomas Bradley Kent, shows that Democrats now express significantly more trust in their doctors than Republicans do—a complete reversal from just a decade ago. This partisan healthcare trust gap, which didn’t exist before the COVID-19 pandemic, shows that political polarization has affected even our most personal medical relationships.

The Fauci Effect

What makes this research particularly striking is how rapidly this partisan divide developed. In 2013, Republicans actually reported slightly higher trust in their personal doctors than Democrats. By 2022, the tables had turned dramatically, with Democrats approximately 12 percentage points more likely than Republicans to report “a great deal” of trust in their physicians.

Unlike nearly every other major American institution, medicine remained largely untouched by partisan divides throughout the 2010s. The General Social Survey, which tracks Americans’ attitudes toward various institutions, shows that confidence in the scientific community, education, the press, and many other institutions had already polarized along partisan lines by 2010. Medicine, however, remained stubbornly nonpartisan until 2021.

The COVID-19 pandemic thrust public health officials into the spotlight, where they quickly became lightning rods for partisan conflict. The study found strong evidence that as medical authorities like Dr. Anthony Fauci became political targets, the distrust spilled over into Americans’ relationships with their own personal doctors.

In one revealing experiment, the researchers exposed participants to a headline from President Trump’s first term in office when called Dr. Fauci “a Democrat.” Trump voters who read this headline subsequently reported lower trust in their own personal doctors, while Biden voters expressed increased trust—proving that partisan messaging about one medical authority directly affected how people viewed their own healthcare providers.

Choosing Doctors Based on Politics

The study goes beyond simple surveys to demonstrate how this divide manifests in real-world decisions. Through a series of experiments, the researchers show that both Republicans and Democrats strongly prefer doctors who share their political affiliation—sometimes placing as much importance on political alignment as they do on shared race or gender with their healthcare provider.

In one experiment, participants were asked to choose between hypothetical dermatologists with various attributes including political affiliation. The difference between Democrats’ and Republicans’ likelihood of selecting a Democratic versus Republican doctor was 28 percentage points when controlling for all other attributes like proximity, qualifications, and patient ratings.

For some demographics, shared political identity with a doctor was just as important as—or more important than—shared race or gender. Among Democratic women, Black Democrats, and Hispanic Democrats, having a doctor who shared their political affiliation was at least as important as having one who shared their gender or race.

Perhaps most concerning is evidence that some Americans are now actively seeking out healthcare providers based on political alignment. When researchers randomly assigned participants to read about a traditional doctor-finding website versus one specifically connecting patients with conservative healthcare providers, conservative respondents expressed significantly more interest in the politically aligned option.

Health Consequences of Political Division

The implications extend beyond just feelings of trust. When asked about their willingness to follow medical advice, Trump voters over 50 were about 11 percentage points less likely than Biden voters to say they followed their doctor’s advice “extremely closely” or “very closely.” This gap could have serious health consequences, as research has consistently shown that patients who trust their doctors are more likely to follow treatment recommendations, complete preventive screenings, and manage chronic conditions effectively.

Between 2001 and 2019, researchers observed a growing gap in death rates between Republican and Democratic counties, with people in Democratic counties living longer. If partisan divides continue to influence healthcare decisions, this gap may widen further, creating a feedback loop where political identity affects health outcomes, which then reinforce political divisions.

A Global Phenomenon

This trend isn’t isolated to the United States. Data from the International Social Survey Programme shows similar patterns in countries like Germany, where support for far-right parties correlates with declining trust in doctors. German far-right supporters were slightly more likely than average voters to trust doctors in 2011, but by 2021, they were 13 percentage points less likely to express trust.

As society faces increasing deaths of despair, a broader crisis in mental health, and lagging life expectancy compared to other developed nations, understanding how politics influences healthcare relationships becomes crucial. The doctor-patient relationship has traditionally been a cornerstone of effective healthcare delivery, but it now appears vulnerable to the same partisan forces that have divided so many other aspects of modern life.

In today’s polarized climate, Americans increasingly make life choices based on political identity—where to live, what media to consume, whom to associate with, and now, potentially, whom to trust with their health. As one doctor’s visit could mean the difference between early diagnosis and late-stage disease, the stakes of this political division are literally life and death.